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Consumer Labels

Consumer labels are a way to categorize consumer transactions into meaningful groups.

The labels list contains multiple labels split into six label groups:

  • earned income;
  • passive income;
  • other incoming transactions;
  • essential expenses;
  • non-essential expenses;
  • other outgoing transactions.

The label groups should not be considered as final ground truth: e.g. the boundary between essential and non-essential expenses is not clear-cut and may vary from one use case to another.

Labels taxonomy is also available in JSON format.

Earned Income​

This label group contains labels that are related to income from work.

  • Freelance;
  • Paycheck (salary);
  • Rideshare and delivery (e.g. Uber, Lyft, DoorDash earnings);

Passive Income​

This label group contains labels that are related to passive income (without the need for active participation or effort on the part of the individual receiving the income).

The labels in this group are:

  • Benefits (e.g. government benefits such as Social Security);
  • Interest and dividends (income earned from investments);
  • Property rental (income earned from renting out real estate).

Other Incoming Transactions​

This label group contains labels that are related to incoming transactions that do not fit into the "Earned Income" or "Passive Income" categories.

The labels in this group are:

  • Account to account transfers;
  • ATM/bank deposits;
  • Cashback;
  • Ecommerce (selling goods via online marketplaces);
  • Grants and stipends;
  • Loans;
  • Other (transactions that do not fit into any other category);
  • Pawn shops;
  • Peer to peer transfers;
  • Refund;
  • Reversal / adjustment;
  • Tax refund;
  • Trading (non-crypto);
  • Trading (crypto);
  • Insurance;
  • Chargeback;
  • Not enough information (for transactions where there is not enough information to accurately classify them);
  • "prenote" (a prenote is a type of transaction that is used to verify account information);
  • "missing account holder information" (for transactions where the account holder's information is not available).

Essential Expenses​

Essential Expenses are the necessary expenses that a person or a family needs to cover in order to maintain their standard of living. These expenses typically include things like rent or mortgage payments, utilities, food and groceries, healthcare, insurance, and transportation.

The labels in this group are:

  • Auto lease payment;
  • Auto loan repayment;
  • Childcare;
  • Contribution to reserve fund;
  • Council tax;
  • Credit card bill;
  • Credit card fee;
  • Credit report;
  • Debt collection;
  • Drugstores and pharmacies;
  • Education;
  • Food and Drink;
  • Fuel;
  • Funerals and bequests;
  • Government;
  • Groceries;
  • Insurance;
  • Interest;
  • Loan repayment;
  • Medical bill;
  • Mortgage;
  • Other transport;
  • Pets;
  • Public transport;
  • Rent and property management fee;
  • Retirement contributions;
  • Ridesharing and taxis;
  • Student loan repayment;
  • Taxes;
  • Utilities;
  • Vehicle maintenance.

Non-Essential Expenses​

Non-essential Expenses are the discretionary expenses that a person or a family may choose to incur, but are not necessary for maintaining their standard of living. These expenses can include things like entertainment, dining out, clothing, and personal care.

The labels in this group are:

  • App stores;
  • ATM/bank withdrawal;
  • Bank fee;
  • Books, newsletters, newspapers;
  • Buy now, pay later;
  • Clothing;
  • Cafes and coffee shops;
  • Convenience stores;
  • Department and discount stores;
  • Donation;
  • eCommerce purchase;
  • Electronics;
  • Entertainment and recreation;
  • Firearms;
  • Gambling;
  • Gifts;
  • Hotels and lodging;
  • Home improvements and maintenance services;
  • Investment;
  • Intra account transfer;
  • Inter account transfer;
  • Laundry;
  • Legal services;
  • Liquor;
  • Media;
  • Other consumer services;
  • Other non-essential;
  • Pawn shops;
  • Peer to peer transfer;
  • Rent to own;
  • Recreational goods;
  • SaaS tools;
  • Self care;
  • Sport and fitness;
  • Toll charge;
  • Towing companies;
  • Trading (crypto);
  • Trading (non-crypto).

Other Outgoing Transactions​

This group contains labels that are related to outgoing transactions that do not fit into the "Essential Expenses" or "Non-Essential Expenses" categories.

  • Not enough information (for transactions where there is not enough information to accurately classify them);
  • Non-sufficient funds / Overdraft fee;
  • "prenote" (a prenote is a type of transaction that is used to verify account information);
  • "missing account holder information" (for transactions where the account holder's information is not available).

Each label may appear at most twice in different label groups: one for incoming transactions and one for outgoing transactions.